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According to the Greek Constitution, the government is required to offer free and mandatory educational services for all children ages 6 to 15 years (in other words, a mandatory 9-year educational system). In Greece, like in all modern countries,there is a three level educational system.
The first level (Primary Education) is for children from 6 to 12 years old. This is divided in two levels the Kindergarten and the Primary School. The second (Secondary Education) is for children from 12 to 18 years old. This is divided in two levels of three years each.Gymnasium and Lyceon. The third (Higher Education) is for students who want to continue their studies after school. This is divided in University, TEI, e.t.c. Current issues The foremost topic of debate in recent years has been anagnorisi (αναγνώριση "recognition"): Private universities are forbidden by the 1975 constitution. Numerous private institutions, often franchises of European and American universities such as the are operating as EES schools (also known as Laboratories of Free Studies). The Greek conservative right political party, claimed in the 2004 elections that it will change the law so that private universities will be recognized, a move opposed by the then-ruling PASOK. Without official recognition, students who have an EES degree are unable to work in the public sector. PASOK did take some action after EU intervention, such as the creation of a special government agency which certifies the vocational status of certain EES degree holders, but not the academic status. The issue of full recognition is still a debate among Greek politicians. Greek Universities have yet to meet the ever-growing demands of enrolling most willing and able students to their rosters. As a result, a shortage in University-level education that is recognized in Greece, leads families and students to often look outside of Greece for a higher education. Countries such as France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States are priority choices for students who failed to be accepted to faculties, such as medicine, engineering or computer science, in Greece. In recent years, due to an increase and shift in the economy of Greece, students are less willing to study for an over-inflated Medical or Legal occupation. Instead, popular choices are now Business, Information Technology, Computer Science, and Electrical Engineering. Greece does not recognize three-year university degrees. Students who completed a Bachelor's degree in a foreign country find it difficult to find employment in the public sector, unless they next obtain a Master's degree. Doctors and Lawyers that come into Greece from degrees from abroad, must also go through an additional 6-9 months of testing and qualification before they are allowed to practice in Greece. Institutes of Higher Education All the officially accredited universities in Greece are public. The duration of the degree programs for most disciplines is 4 years. Engineering programs along with some other disciplines (e.g. dentistry, pharmacology, agronomics) have a duration of 5 years. Medicine is the only discipline with a duration of 6 years. Agricultural University of Athens Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (campuses: Thessaloniki, Veria, Serres) Athens University of Economics and Business Democritus University of Thrace (campuses: Komotini, Xanthi, Alexandroupoli, Orestiada) Harokopion University of Athens International Hellenic University National and Kapodistrian University of Athens National Technical University of Athens Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences University of the Aegean (campuses: Mytilene, Chios, Karlovasi, Rhodes, Ermoupoli) University of Central Greece (campuses: Lamia, Livadeia) University of Crete (campuses: Heraklio, Rethymno) University of Ioannina (campuses: Ioannina, Agrinio) University of Macedonia (campuses: Thessaloniki, Edessa, Naoussa) University of Peloponnese (campuses: Tripoli, Korinthos, Kalamata, Nafplio, Sparti) University of Thessaly (campuses: Larissa, Volos, Karditsa, Trikala) University of Western Macedonia (campuses: Florina, Kozani)
Technological Institutes of Higher Education The institution of "Technological Institutes of Higher Education" was established in 1983 in an attempt to reform, align and upgrade a number of postsecondary schools of technological education (KATEE and others) that existed at the time. Most of the current ones, however, were founded later on as totally new institutions. In 2001, a Higher Education Reform Act made further administrative and academic reforms in order to upgrade them. Since then they constitute a "complementary part" of the Higher Education in Greece, a term mainly used to differentiate them from Universities. Although they now confer 4-year bachelor's degrees their graduates have still fewer rights in the Greek public and private sectors. Among other differences they have is that they are allowed to run graduate programs only in collaboration with Universities, either Greek or international ones. However, it was recently announced that a new bill under preparation is aiming at further reforms that will allow them to run graduates programs on their own.
Alexander TEI of Thessaloniki (campuses: Sindos, Katerini, Kilkis, Nea Moudania) School of Pedagogical and Technological Education TEI of Chalkida (campuses: Chalkida, Thiva) TEI of Crete (campuses: Heraklio, Chania, Rethymno, Agios Nikolaos, Ierapetra, Sitia) TEI of Epirus (campuses: Arta, Ioannina, Preveza, Igoumenitsa) TEI of Ionian Islands (campuses: Lefkada, Argostoli, Lixouri, Zakynthos) TEI of Kalamata (campuses: Kalamata, Sparti) TEI of Kavala (campuses: Kavala, Drama) TEI of Lamia (campuses: Lamia, Amfissa, Karpenisi) TEI of Larissa (campuses: Larissa, Karditsa, Trikala) TEI of Messolonghi (campuses: Messolonghi, Nafpaktos) TEI of Patras (campuses: Patra, Aigio, Pyrgos, Amaliada) TEI of Western Macedonia (campuses: Kozani, Florina, Kastoria, Grevena and Ptolemaida)
Academies and schools The following academies are equivalent to Institutes of Higher Education. Military School of Corps Officers Ecclesiastical Academy of Athens Ecclesiastical Academy of Thessaloniki Ecclesiastical Academy of Vellas Ecclesiastical Academy of Crete The following schools are equivalent to Technological Institutes of Higher Education. Hellenic Army School of Non-Commissioned Officers Hellenic Naval Academy of Petty Officers Hellenic Air Force Academy of Staff Non-Commissioned Officers Hellenic Air Force Academy of Technical Non-Commissioned Officers
Private institutions Private institutions of higher education are prohibited by the Greek constitution but there exist private institutions that operate as non-accredited Educational Centers (Κέντρα ή Εργαστήρια Ελευθέρων Σπουδών). Moreover, some of them have entered a collaboration with foreign universities (either as branches or franchisees) and have their degrees recognized by the respective countries. Since some of these countries are EU member states this causes a conflict between the prohibition of the Greek constitution and the EU regulations for freedom of movement for workers who hold these degrees. The result has been a long legal controversy with EU and a socio-political debate within Greece. The issue is expected to settle with a new bill (under preparation) that will grant some rights to the holders of these degrees. American College of Thessaloniki CITY College, Affiliated Institution of the University of Sheffield University of Indianapolis, Athens campus Hellenic International Studies in the Arts
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